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ISCR Case ISCR Case No. 08-04624 — CASE

ISCR Case ISCR Case No. 08-04624denied

Case Headnote

ISCR Case No. ISCR Case No. 08-04624

Oct 28, 2009· Hon. Jeffrey D. Billett· appeal

Summary

A 62-year-old former police officer, currently employed as a security guard, was denied a security clearance under Guideline F (Financial Considerations). The denial was affirmed by the Appeal Board, which found that the applicant's history of financial difficulties, including two bankruptcies, presented significant security concerns.

Specifically, the disqualifying conditions F.3 and F.2 were raised due to his financial history. While mitigating conditions F.3 and F.2 were considered, the applicant failed to provide sufficient evidence to overcome the concerns. The judge determined that the presented evidence was inadequate to mitigate the financial issues.

Ultimately, the applicant's extensive bankruptcy history was a primary factor in the decision, leading to the denial of his security clearance.

Conditions Referenced

Disqualifying

F.3raisedInability or Unwillingness to Satisfy Debts
F.2notedDeliberately Providing False or Misleading Information

Mitigating

F.3rejectedThe Conditions That Resulted in the Financial Difficulties Were Largely Beyond the Applicant's ControlThe judge concluded that the applicant did not present sufficient evidence to mitigate the security concerns.
F.2rejectedThe Applicant Has Taken Steps to Address His Financial IssuesThe judge found the evidence of mitigation insufficient to overcome the government's concerns.

Key Rule Quoted

“The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when 'clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.'”
— Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 528 (1988)

Procedural Posture

SOR issuedAug 13, 2008
Answer filed—
Hearing heldJul 9, 2009
Decision dateOct 28, 2009

Cite For

Affirmation of Denial Based on Financial Concerns Under Guideline F
Insufficient Evidence of Mitigation in Financial Cases
Burden of Persuasion Lies with the Applicant to Demonstrate Favorable Evidence.

Editorial summary generated for research. Not legal advice; not a prediction. Verify against the full decision before relying on any quoted language.

Appeal at a glance· Full written decision

Affirmed

The appeal involved an applicant seeking a security clearance after being denied due to financial considerations under Guideline F. The applicant argued that the Judge's decision was arbitrary and did not adequately consider mitigating evidence. The Board affirmed the Judge's decision, finding no harmful error and that the Judge's findings were supported by substantial evidence.

Appealed bythe applicant

Applicant representationPro se (self-represented)

Judge belowPaul J. Mason — denied the clearance

Decided onthe written record

Guidelines belowGuideline F

What the Board reviewed

Decision arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law — raised by the applicantRejected
Applicant argued that the Judge's decision was arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.

Error found, but harmless. The Board agreed the judge made a mistake but affirmed anyway, because it did not change the outcome.

Why the Board ruled this way

The Board found no harmful error in the Judge's decision, affirming that the findings were supported by substantial evidence and that the Judge's conclusions were not arbitrary or capricious.

Standard of review applied

Harmful-error gatekeeperSubstantial-evidence reviewArbitrary-and-capricious reviewProcedural complianceNo de-novo re-decisionNo new evidence on appealDeference to the judge’s credibility calls

Appeal Board panel

Jeffrey D. Billett
Jean E. Smallin
James E. Moody

Descriptive structured reading of this decided, public Appeal Board decision — what the case says, not a prediction or advice.

Full decision

The complete, official text — footnotes and signatures included — is in the original PDF.

Decision text, by section

DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

APPEAL

APPEARANCES

DATE: October 28, 2009 In Re: ----------------

Applicant for Security Clearance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 08-04624

APPEAL BOARD DECISION

APPEARANCES

FOR GOVERNMENT James B. Norman, Esq., Chief Department Counsel FOR APPLICANT Pro Se The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) declined to grant Applicant a security clearance. On August 13, 2008, DOHA issued a statement of reasons (SOR) advising Applicant of the basis for that decision–security concerns raised under Guideline F (Financial Considerations) of Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 (Jan. 2, 1992, as amended) (Directive). Applicant requested a decision on the written record. On July 9, 2009, after considering the record, Administrative Judge Paul J. Mason denied Applicant’s request for a security clearance. Applicant appealed pursuant to Directive ¶¶ E3.1.28 and E3.1.30. On appeal, Applicant raises the following issue: whether the Judge’s decision is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. Finding no harmful error, we affirm the Judge’s decision. The Judge made the following relevant findings of fact: Applicant is 62 years old and had a lengthy career as a police officer. Applicant now works as a security guard. The SOR indicates that Applicant filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition in April 2005 to protect his house from foreclosure, and the petition was dismissed in May 2005. In October 2005, Applicant filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition and was discharged from all dischargeable debts except for a student loan for his daughter. The SOR lists eight debts, of which Applicant admits two and denies six. Some of the debts in the SOR were discharged in the Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and some Applicant paid after he received the SOR. Applicant attributes some of his financial difficulties to a divorce, to medical expenses related to hair transplant surgery, and to a student loan for his daughter’s college education. In his appeal brief, Applicant presents some information not contained in the record below. The Board cannot consider this new evidence. See Directive ¶ E3.1.29. The Appeal Board’s review of the Judge’s findings of facts is limited to determining if they are supported by substantial evidence—“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion in light of all the contrary evidence in the same record.” Directive ¶ E3.1.32.1. “This is something less than the weight of the evidence, and the possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency’s finding from being supported by substantial evidence.” Consolo v. Federal Maritime Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620 (1966). Applicant objects to the Judge’s characterization of some of the evidence he submitted. After reviewing the record, the Board concludes that the Judge’s material findings are based on substantial evidence, or constitute reasonable characterizations or inferences that could be drawn from the record. Considering the record evidence as a whole, the Judge’s material findings of security concern are sustainable. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 08-01105 at 2 (App. Bd. Dec. 15, 2008). Applicant contends that the Judge did not acknowledge or give proper consideration to his character references. Applicant refers in part to the persons he named as references on his security clearance application and others he assumes an investigator would have interviewed. An applicant has the burden of persuasion to obtain a favorable security clearance decision. See Directive ¶ E3.1.15. The Judge had access only to the materials before him. If Applicant wished to have character references from the persons he identified on his application, he had a responsibility to provide written references from those persons. See ISCR Case No. 03-08073 at 4-5 (App. Bd. Oct. 25, 2005). Applicant does cite one character reference letter he submitted which he argues that the Judge did not acknowledge. Applicant is correct in this regard. Generally, there is a rebuttable presumption that a Judge has considered all the evidence in the record, even if he does not mention each item of evidence. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 04-08134 at 3 (App. Bd. May 16, 2005). In this case, the Judge stated that Applicant did not submit any character evidence about his job performance. Decision at 4. Applicant did submit a letter from a supervisor at his place of employment in his response to the File of Relevant Material (FORM). The Judge therefore committed error. However, in light of the record as a whole, the error is harmless, since it is unlikely that the Judge would have reached a different decision based on that one reference letter.

Applicant argues that he has mitigated any security concerns that might exist under Guideline F and that the Judge either did not consider or did not give adequate weight to his evidence of mitigation. Applicant admitted some of the SOR allegations against him. The burden then shifted to Applicant to extenuate or mitigate the security concerns raised by those allegations. Directive ¶ E3.1.15. The Judge concluded that Applicant did not present evidence sufficient to overcome the security concerns raised. The application of disqualifying and mitigating conditions and whole- person factors does not turn simply on a finding that one or more of them apply to the particular facts of a case. Thus, the presence of some mitigating evidence does not alone compel the Judge to make a favorable security clearance determination. As the trier of fact, the Judge has to weigh the evidence as a whole and decide whether the favorable evidence outweighs the unfavorable evidence, or vice versa. An applicant’s disagreement with the Judge’s weighing of the evidence, or an ability to argue for a different interpretation of the evidence, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the Judge weighed the evidence or reached conclusions in a manner that is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 07-18303 at 3 (App. Bd. Nov. 13, 2008). A review of the record indicates that the Judge weighed the mitigating evidence offered by Applicant against his financial history and considered the possible application of relevant mitigating conditions and factors. Decision at 5-6. The Judge reasonably explained why the evidence Applicant had presented in mitigation was insufficient to overcome the government’s security concerns. Id. The Board does not review a case de novo. The favorable evidence cited by Applicant is not sufficient to demonstrate the Judge’s decision is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 06-11172 at 3 (App. Bd. Sep. 4, 2007). The Judge examined the relevant data and articulated a satisfactory explanation for his decision, “including a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.’” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983) (quoting Burlington Truck Lines v. United States, 371 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)). “The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when ‘clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.’” Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 528 (1988). Accordingly, the Judge’s adverse decision is sustainable.

ORDER

The Judge’s decision denying Applicant a security clearance is AFFIRMED. Signed: Jeffrey D. Billett Jeffrey D. Billett Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board Signed: Jean E. Smallin Jean E. Smallin Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board Signed: James E. Moody James E. Moody Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board