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ISCR Case 01-25006.h1 — CASE

ISCR Case 01-25006.h1granted

Case Headnote

ISCR Case No. 01-25006.h1

grantedDec 12, 2002· Hon. Joseph Testan· hearing

Summary

A naturalized U.S. citizen, born in Hungary, was granted a security clearance despite concerns under Guideline C (Foreign Preference). The Statement of Reasons alleged that the applicant had exercised Hungarian citizenship by obtaining a passport in 1998, possessed this passport, and had not renounced his Hungarian citizenship. These allegations raised disqualifying conditions E2.A3.1.2.1 and E2.A3.1.2.2.

However, the judge applied mitigating conditions E2.A3.1.3.1 and E2.A3.1.3.4. The applicant demonstrated a clear preference for the United States by destroying his Hungarian passport in front of a Notary Public. He also expressed a sincere willingness to formally renounce his Hungarian citizenship.

The decision to grant the clearance was based on these actions, which showed a clear and consistent preference for the United States over the past forty years.

Why the Applicant Prevailed

The applicant destroyed his Hungarian passport in front of a Notary Public.
He expressed a sincere willingness to renounce his Hungarian citizenship.
The applicant has shown a clear preference for the United States over the past forty years.

Conditions Referenced

Disqualifying

E2.A3.1.2.1raisedThe Exercise of Dual Citizenship.
E2.A3.1.2.2raisedPossession And/or Use of a Foreign Passport.

Mitigating

E2.A3.1.3.1appliedDual Citizenship Is Based Solely on Parents' Citizenship or Birth in a Foreign Country.
E2.A3.1.3.4appliedIndividual Has Expressed a Willingness to Renounce Dual Citizenship.

Key Rule Quoted

“"When an individual acts in such a way as to indicate a preference for a foreign country over the United States, then he or she may be prone to provide information or make decisions that are harmful to the interests of the United States."”

Procedural Posture

SOR issuedAug 8, 2002
Answer filedSep 27, 2002
Hearing heldNov 25, 2002
Decision dateDec 12, 2002

Cite For

Mitigating Factors Under Guideline C Regarding Foreign Preference
Impact of Renouncing Foreign Citizenship on Security Clearance
Consideration of Applicant's Long-term Preference for the United States

Editorial summary generated for research. Not legal advice; not a prediction. Verify against the full decision before relying on any quoted language.

Standardized Decision Profile

SEAD-4 Guideline C (Foreign Preference) · descriptive summary of a decided case

Posture: Decision on RecordDecided: granted

The applicant, a naturalized U.S. citizen originally from Hungary, applied for a Hungarian passport in 1998 but later destroyed it upon realizing it could affect his security clearance. He expressed a willingness to renounce his Hungarian citizenship and demonstrated a clear preference for the United States, leading to a favorable ruling under Guideline C.

¶	Allegation	Finding	Type	Response	Disqualifying (¶10)	Mitigating applied (¶11)	Mitigation
1.a	Applicant exercised his Hungarian citizenship in 1998 by applying for and receiving a Hungarian passport.	For Applicant	Foreign Citizenship Acquisition or Application	Admitted	(a) applying for and/or acquiring citizenship in any other country	(a) the foreign citizenship is not in conflict with U.S. national security interests	—
1.b	Applicant possessed a Hungarian passport.	For Applicant	Foreign Passport Possession or Use	Admitted	(b) failure to report, or fully disclose when required, possession of a passport or identity card issued by any country other than the U.S.	(d) the exercise of the rights/privileges/obligations of foreign citizenship occurred before the individual became a U.S. citizen	—
1.c	Applicant has not renounced his Hungarian citizenship.	For Applicant	Failure to Renounce or Surrender Foreign Status	Denied	(c) failure to use a U.S. passport when entering or exiting the U.S.	(e) the exercise of the entitlements or benefits of foreign citizenship do not present a national security concern	Claimed Other

Descriptive standardized rendering of a decided public case (Guideline C). The verbatim source decision is shown in full below.

Full decision

The complete, official text — footnotes and signatures included — is in the original PDF.

Decision text, by section

DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

HEARING

APPEARANCES

DATE: December 12, 2002 In Re: ----------------- SSN: ----------- Applicant for Security Clearance ISCR Case No. 01-25006 DECISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE JOSEPH TESTAN

SYNOPSIS In view of applicant's destruction of his foreign passport, his sincerely expressed willingness to renounce his foreign citizenship, and the clear preference he has shown for the United States during the past forty years, Guideline C is found for applicant. Clearance is granted.

On August 8, 2002, the Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA), pursuant to Executive Order 10865 and Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 (Directive), dated January 2, 1992, (as administratively reissued on April 20, 1999), issued a Statement of Reasons (SOR) to applicant which detailed reasons why DOHA could not make the preliminary affirmative finding under the Directive that it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security clearance for applicant and recommended referral to an Administrative Judge to determine whether clearance should be denied or revoked. Applicant responded to the SOR in writing on September 27, 2002. The case was assigned to the undersigned on October 28, 2002. A Notice of Hearing was issued on November 4, 2002, and the hearing was held on November 25, 2002. Following the hearing, applicant submitted three pages of documents for inclusion in the record. These documents, along with Department Counsel's one page memorandum indicating that she has no objection to applicant's submission, were marked as Exhibit B and admitted into evidence. The transcript was received on December 4, 2002.

FINDINGS OF FACT

Applicant was born in Hungary in 1953. After living in various countries, he and his family settled in the United States in approximately 1961. He has, for the most part, lived in the United States since then. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1972. By virtue of his birth in Hungary, applicant is considered a citizen of Hungary. Applicant, at his sister's suggestion, exercised his Hungarian citizenship in 1998 by applying for and receiving a Hungarian passport. Applicant's sole motivation for obtaining the foreign passport was to be able to avoid identifying himself as an American if faced with a security threat overseas. He never used the Hungarian passport. It is fair to say that at the time he applied for the Hungarian passport, he didn't realize it might affect his security clearance. When he later learned that it would, he attempted to surrender it to the Hungarian Embassy in Washington D.C. (Exhibit A). The embassy returned it to him with instructions to send it to the Hungarian Consulate in New York. Rather than follow that advice, applicant destroyed the passport in front of a Notary Public (Exhibit B). Applicant has never made any statement of allegiance to Hungary. His loyalty and allegiance are to the United States (Exhibit 2). He testified credibly that he is willing to renounce his Hungarian citizenship (TR at 23). Applicant's wife is a naturalized citizen of the United States. They "have no intentions of ever returning to Hungary to reside or retire" (Exhibit 2).

POLICIES

Enclosure 2 of the Directive sets forth Guidelines (divided into conditions that could raise a security concern and conditions that could mitigate security concerns) which must be followed by the Administrative Judge. Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact, the following Disqualifying Factors and Mitigating Factors are applicable: Foreign Preference The Concern: When an individual acts in such a way as to indicate a preference for a foreign country over the United States, then he or she may be prone to provide information or make decisions that are harmful to the interests of the United States. Conditions that could raise a security concern: 1. E2.A3.1.2.1: The exercise of dual citizenship. 2. E2.A3.1.2.2: Possession and/or use of a foreign passport. Conditions that could mitigate security concerns: 1. E2.A3.1.3.1: Dual citizenship is based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in a foreign country. 2. E2.A3.1.3.4: Individual has expressed a willingness to renounce dual citizenship.

CONCLUSION

Applicant was born in Hungary, but since age eight has lived in the United States. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1972. Although he considers himself an American, by virtue of his birth in Hungary, he is still considered a Hungarian citizen by Hungary. Applicant did nothing to act on his dual citizenship status until the late 1990swhen, at the suggestion of his sister, he applied for and received a Hungarian passport. His decision to apply for the Hungarian passport was based solely on security concerns; he was in no way expressing a preference for Hungary over the United States. After learning that the possession of a Hungarian passport could adversely affect his access to classified information, applicant destroyed it. He has also expressed a sincere willingness to renounce his Hungarian citizenship. Given these two facts, as well as the clear preference applicant has shown for the United States since arriving in this country over forty years ago, I conclude that applicant clearly prefers the United States over Hungary, and would not use his status as a dual citizen to take any action contrary to the security interests of the United States. Based on these facts, Guideline C is found for applicant.

FORMAL FINDINGS

PARAGRAPH 1: FOR THE APPLICANT

DECISION

In light of all the circumstances presented by the record in this case, it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security clearance for applicant. ____________________________ Joseph Testan Administrative Judge

FOOTNOTES

01-25006.h1 FOR GOVERNMENT Erin C. Hogan, Department Counsel FOR APPLICANT Pro Se