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ISCR Case 07-06030.a1 — CASE

ISCR Case 07-06030.a1unknown

Case Headnote

ISCR Case No. 07-06030.a1

Jun 19, 2008· Hon. Michael Y. Ra'anan· appeal

Summary

This case involved a naturalized U.S. citizen, originally from Iran, whose security clearance was reviewed under Guideline B (Foreign Influence) and Guideline C (Foreign Preference). Concerns arose due to the applicant's close ties to in-laws residing in Iran, specifically citing Disqualifying Conditions AG B2 and AG C1.

The initial decision was favorable to the applicant, applying Mitigating Condition AG B8(b). However, the Appeal Board reversed this outcome, finding that the judge's analysis was arbitrary and unsustainable. The Board determined that significant contrary evidence regarding the applicant's connections to Iran had been overlooked.

Specifically, the judge failed to adequately consider the risks posed by the applicant's in-laws residing in Iran. This omission led the Appeal Board to conclude that the judge's whole-person analysis was flawed, as it did not account for all relevant evidence. Consequently, no final security clearance outcome was reached at this stage, as the case was remanded for further consideration.

Conditions Referenced

Disqualifying

AG B2raisedForeign Influence
AG C1raisedForeign Preference

Mitigating

AG B8(b)rejectedMitigating Condition 8(b)The judge overlooked significant record evidence regarding the applicant's close relationship with his in-laws in Iran.

Key Rule Quoted

“[N]o one has a right to a security clearance. . . The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when ‘clearly consistent with the interests of national security.’”
— Department of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 581, 528 (1988)

Procedural Posture

SOR issuedJul 31, 2007
Answer filed—
Hearing heldFeb 7, 2008
Decision dateJun 19, 2008

Cite For

Reversal of Favorable Decision Due to Inadequate Consideration of Foreign Influence Risks
Importance of Substantial Evidence in Security Clearance Decisions
Limitations of Applicant Testimony Without Supporting Record Evidence

Editorial summary generated for research. Not legal advice; not a prediction. Verify against the full decision before relying on any quoted language.

Appeal at a glance· Full written decision

Reversed

The appeal involved a security clearance decision where the Administrative Judge granted the applicant a clearance. The Department Counsel appealed, arguing that the Judge's decision was arbitrary and capricious due to a failure to consider significant contrary evidence regarding the applicant's ties to Iran. The Appeal Board found merit in the government's arguments and reversed the favorable decision.

Appealed bythe Government (Department Counsel)

Applicant representationAttorney

Judge belowMartin H. Mogul — granted the clearance

Decided ona hearing

Guidelines belowGuideline BGuideline C

What the Board reviewed

Decision arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law — raised by the Government (Department Counsel)Error sustained
The Judge's application of Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 8(b) is unsupported by the record evidence.
Decision arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law — raised by the Government (Department Counsel)Error sustained
The Judge's whole-person analysis is unsupported by the record evidence.

Why the Board ruled this way

The Judge's decision was reversed due to significant contrary evidence that was not addressed, particularly regarding the applicant's close relationship with his in-laws in Iran and the implications of that relationship in the context of national security.

Ignored material evidenceNo rational connection between facts and conclusion

Standard of review applied

Harmful-error gatekeeperSubstantial-evidence reviewArbitrary-and-capricious reviewProcedural complianceNo de-novo re-decisionDeference to the judge’s credibility calls

Appeal Board panel

Michael Y. Ra’anan — Chair
Jean E. Smallin
William S. Fields

Descriptive structured reading of this decided, public Appeal Board decision — what the case says, not a prediction or advice.

Full decision

The complete, official text — footnotes and signatures included — is in the original PDF.

Decision text, by section

DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

APPEAL

SYNOPSIS

KEYWORD: Guideline C; Guideline B DIGEST: The Judge’s favorable decision did not address significant contrary record evidence regarding among other thing applicant’s close relationship with his in-laws who still reside in Iran. Testimony regarding hypothetical situations, standing alone, is of limited value, unless there is record evidence that applicant has acted in a similar manner in the past in comparable situations or that applicant has a previous track record of complying with security regulations and procedures in the context of dangerous, high-risk circumstances in which he made a significant contribution to the national security. Favorable decision reversed. CASENO: 07-06030.a1 DATE: 06/19/2008 DATE: June 19, 2008 In Re: --------- Applicant for Security Clearance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 07-06030

APPEAL BOARD DECISION

APPEARANCES

FOR GOVERNMENT Candace Le’i, Esq., Department Counsel FOR APPLICANT Michelle L. Perry, Esq.

The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) declined to grant Applicant a security clearance. On July 31, 2007, DOHA issued a statement of reasons advising Applicant of the basis for that decision—security concerns raised under Guideline C (Foreign Preference) and Guideline B (Foreign Influence) of Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 (Jan. 2, 1992), as amended (Directive). Applicant requested a hearing. On February 7, 2008, after the hearing, Administrative Judge Martin H. Mogul granted Applicant’s request for a security clearance. Department Counsel timely appealed pursuant to the Directive ¶¶ E3.1.28 and E3.1.30. Department Counsel raises the following issues on appeal: whether the Judge’s application of Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 8(b) is unsupported by the record evidence and is therefore arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law; and whether the Judge’s whole-person analysis is unsupported by the record evidence and it therefore arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law. Finding error, we reverse. Whether the Record Supports the Judge’s Factual Findings A. Facts The Judge made the following relevant findings of fact: Applicant was born in Iran and moved to the United States with his father when Applicant was five years of age and has lived in the United States ever since. Applicant became a naturalized United States citizen in 1996. Applicant’s wife was also born in Iran. She came to the United States in 2000 and became a naturalized United States citizen in 2004. They have no children. The Judge took administrative notice of the hostile nature of the relationship between the United States and Iran, including the fact that Iran “is considered one of the most dangerous adversaries to the interests of the United States.” Decision at 4. The Judge’s decision includes the following statement: “The United States Government’s concerns with Iran’s policies include, but are not limited to the following: (1) its clandestine efforts to acquire nuclear weapons of mass destruction, (2) its sponsorship of international terrorism, (3) its intervention into the internal affairs of Iraq, (4) its aggressive efforts to undermine the Middle East peace process, and (5) its human rights violation against its own people.” Id. B. Discussion The Appeal Board’s review of the Judge’s findings of facts is limited to determining if they are supported by substantial evidence–“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion in light of all the contrary evidence in the same record.” Directive ¶ E3.1.32.1. “This is something less than the weight of the evidence, and the possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency’s finding from being supported by substantial evidence.” Consolo v. Federal Maritime Applicant testified: 1) to his continuing possession of an Iranian ID card, which he is willing to surrender; 2) to his family’s attempts to secure return of confiscated property in Iran; and 3) to his apprehensiveness about traveling to Iran at the time of the other matters to which he testified. Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620-21 (1966). In evaluating the Judge’s findings, we are required to give deference to the Judge’s credibility determinations. Directive ¶ E3.1.32.1. Department Counsel has not challenged the Judge’s findings. Therefore, they are not at issue in this appeal. In arguing the issues on appeal, Department Counsel contends that the Judge’s decision does not take into account significant contrary record evidence. The Board will address this contention below. Whether the Record Supports the Judge’s Ultimate Conclusions A Judge is required to “examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for” the decision, “including a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.’” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of the United States v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983) (quoting Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)). “[N]o one has a right to a security clearance. . . The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when ‘clearly consistent with the interests of national security.’” Department of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 581, 528 (1988). The Appeal Board may reverse a Judge’s decision to grant, deny, or revoke a security clearance if it is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. Directive ¶ E3.1.32.3. The Judge discussed the security concerns raised in this case under Guideline B. Directive ¶¶ E2.6 and 2.7. However, the Judge found these concerns mitigated under ¶ 8(b). In applying ¶ 8(b), the Judge overlooked significant record evidence. The Judge noted the fact that Applicant has been in the United States since he was five years old and has strong ties to this country. In his application of Guideline B, the Judge overlooked record evidence regarding the close relationship of Applicant and his wife with Applicant’s mother- and father-in-law, who live in Iran. Applicant’s wife speaks to her parents every day or every other day. Applicant’s in-laws are adherents of the Baha’i faith. Applicant testified that members of that religion are denied rights and are often mistreated in Iran. Applicant and his wife have applied for permission for her parents to enter the United States, but they are still in Iran. Applicant’s wife testified that her parents have some knowledge that Applicant’s job is in some way connected with the United States, although it is not clear how much they know about its exact nature. The Judge’s failure to discuss explicitly these and other facts raises the question of whether the Judge failed to take them into account, failed to understand their significance, or engaged in an arbitrary and capricious analysis. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 02-00318 at 6 (App. Bd. Feb. 25, 2004). The Judge gave significant weight to Applicant’s testimony that he would do nothing to assist his in-laws if the Iranian government threatened or pressured them. The Board has stated that such testimony, standing alone, is of limited value, unless there is record evidence that the applicant has acted in a similar manner in the past in comparable circumstances, or that the applicant has a previous track record of complying with security regulations and procedures in the context of dangerous, high-risk circumstances in which he made a significant contribution to the national security. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 06-25202 at 6 (App. Bd. Feb. 22, 2008). While the Judge took administrative notice of the nature of the Iranian government, he gave little consideration to the nature of that government in reaching his conclusions, particularly in light of the heightened risk to Applicant’s in-laws in this case. Cf. ISCR Case No. 05-00939 at 5 (Oct. 3, 2007). The Judge’s whole-person analysis is based on Applicant’s close ties to the United States, as discussed in his application of mitigation above. Again, the Judge does not take into account contrary evidence such as the heightened risk to Applicant’s in-laws set out above, and his analysis is therefore, not sustainable.

ORDER

The Judge’s favorable security clearance decision is REVERSED. Signed: Michael Y. Ra’anan Michael Y. Ra’anan Administrative Judge Chairman, Appeal Board Signed; Jean E. Smallin Jean E. Smallin Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board Signed: William S. Fields William S. Fields Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board