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ISCR Case 15-07242.a1 — CASE

ISCR Case 15-07242.a1unknown

Case Headnote

ISCR Case No. 15-07242.a1

Feb 9, 2017· Hon. Michael Y. Ra'anan· appeal

Summary

A 34-year-old U.S. citizen and defense contractor faced security clearance concerns under Guideline B (Foreign Influence) due to his wife's foreign connections and her family's residence in China. Disqualifying conditions cited included AG ¶ 7(a), AG ¶ 7(b), and AG ¶ 7(d).

However, the Appeal Board determined that the Judge's whole-person assessment was flawed and contradicted the record evidence. Specifically, the Judge did not adequately consider mitigating conditions, including AG ¶ 8(a) and AG ¶ 8(b), which were applicable to the applicant's situation.

As a result, the case was remanded for a reassessment, meaning no final security clearance decision was reached at that time.

Conditions Referenced

Disqualifying

AG ¶ 7(a)raisedContact with a Foreign Family Member
AG ¶ 7(b)raisedConnections to a Foreign Person
AG ¶ 7(d)raisedSharing Living Quarters with a Foreign National

Mitigating

AG ¶ 8(b)appliedMinimal Conflict of Interest
AG ¶ 8(a)rejectedNature of Relationship with Foreign PersonsThe Judge failed to analyze mitigating condition 8(a) in her decision.

Key Rule Quoted

“A Judge is required to 'examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for' the decision, 'including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.'”
— Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of the United States v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)

Procedural Posture

SOR issuedMay 12, 2016
Answer filed—
Hearing heldNov 8, 2016
Decision dateFeb 9, 2017

Cite For

Remand Due to Harmful Error in Whole-person Assessment
Failure to Consider Mitigating Conditions
Disqualifying Conditions Under Guideline B

Editorial summary generated for research. Not legal advice; not a prediction. Verify against the full decision before relying on any quoted language.

Appeal at a glance· Full written decision

Remanded

The appeal involved a denial of a security clearance based on foreign influence concerns. The applicant argued that the Judge erred in her whole-person assessment and failed to consider mitigating conditions. The Board found harmful errors in the Judge's analysis and remanded the case for a new decision.

Appealed bythe applicant

Applicant representationAttorney

Judge belowDarlene D. Lokey Anderson — denied the clearance

Decided ona hearing

Guidelines belowGuideline B

What the Board reviewed

Judge mis-weighed or ignored evidence — raised by the applicantError sustained
The Judge erred in her whole-person assessment by not addressing evidence of the applicant's good character.
Mitigation wrongly applied / not applied — raised by the applicantError sustained
The Judge failed to analyze mitigating condition 8(a) in her decision.

Why the Board ruled this way

The Board found that the Judge committed harmful error by making a whole-person assessment that contradicted the record evidence and failed to analyze a relevant mitigating condition. The case is remanded for a new decision addressing these errors.

Ignored material evidenceMisapplied mitigation

On remand, the judge must

The Administrative Judge must issue a new decision that corrects the identified errors.

Standard of review applied

Harmful-error gatekeeperSubstantial-evidence reviewArbitrary-and-capricious reviewProcedural compliance

Appeal Board panel

Michael Ra’anan — Chair
James E. Moody
James F. Duffy

Descriptive structured reading of this decided, public Appeal Board decision — what the case says, not a prediction or advice.

Full decision

The complete, official text — footnotes and signatures included — is in the original PDF.

Decision text, by section

DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

APPEAL

SYNOPSIS

KEYWORD: Guideline B DIGEST: We find the Judge committed harmful error by making a whole-person assessment that runs contrary to the record evidence. Adverse decision remanded. CASE NO: 15-07242.a1 DATE: 02/09/2017 DATE: February 9, 2017 In Re: ------------ Applicant for Security Clearance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 15-07242

APPEAL BOARD DECISION

APPEARANCES

FOR GOVERNMENT James B. Norman, Esq., Chief Department Counsel FOR APPLICANT Alan K. Hahn, Esq. The Department of Defense (DoD) declined to grant Applicant a security clearance. On May 12, 2016, DoD issued a statement of reasons (SOR) advising Applicant of the basis for that decision–security concerns raised under Guideline B (Foreign Influence) of Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 (Jan. 2, 1992, as amended) (Directive). Applicant requested a hearing. On November 8, 2016, after the hearing, Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) Administrative Judge Darlene D. Lokey Anderson denied Applicant’s request for a security clearance. Applicant appealed pursuant to Directive ¶¶ E3.1.28 and E3.1.30. Applicant raised the following issues on appeal: whether the Judge erred in her whole- person assessment; whether the Judge failed to consider a mitigating condition; and whether the Judge’s adverse decision was arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. Consistent with the following, we remand the decision. The Judge’s Findings of Fact Applicant is a 34-year-old employee of a defense contractor. He became a U.S. citizen in 1994 and earned a bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in the United States. Applicant’s wife was born in China and grew up there. She came to the United States in 2008 to pursue a master’s degree. They married in early 20161 and reside together in the United States. She works for a U.S. corporation and frequently travels to China to perform work there. As part of her job, she deals with Chinese governmental and non-governmental entities. She recently applied for a green card to become a permanent resident alien, but has no plans to become a U.S. citizen. They recently purchased a home in the United States and plan to raise a family here. Applicant’s father-in-law and mother-in-law are citizens and residents of China. They own property in China. As their only children, Applicant’s wife stands to inherit the property in China. Applicant’s father-in-law is a general contractor for a U.S. company.2 At one point, he was a member of the Communist Party, but no longer considers himself a part of it because he has not paid dues in 20 years. Applicant’s mother-in-law is a homemaker. Applicant’s wife communicates with her parents a few times a week. The Judge’s Analysis Applicant’s wife is a Chinese citizen, travels to China on a frequent basis, works directly with the Chinese government, and has no plans to become a U.S. citizen. She maintains regular contact with her parents, and her father was at one time a member of the Communist Party. These circumstances pose a potential threat to the United States. Under Guideline B, disqualifying 1 The SOR alleged that Applicant’s girlfriend is a citizen of China and her parents are citizens and residents of that country. At the time the SOR was issued, the Personnel Security Specialist who signed that document was apparently unaware of Applicant’s marriage. 2 The evidence reflects that Applicant’s father-in-law is not a general contractor, but a general manager of a U.S. company’s facility in China. conditions 7(a),3 7(b),4 and 7(d)5 apply. The Judge concluded that mitigating condition 8(b)6 applied, but was not controlling because Applicant’s wife could be a potential target for foreign influence. The Judge also stated: I have also considered the “whole-person concept” in evaluating the Applicant’s eligibility for access to classified information. Under the particular facts of this case, the totality of the conduct set forth above, when viewed under all of the guidelines as a whole supports a whole-person assessment of poor judgment, untrustworthiness, unreliability, a lack of candor, and unwillingness to comply with rules and regulations, and/or other characteristics indicating that the person may not properly safeguard classified information.7

DISCUSSION

A Judge is required to “examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for” the decision, “including a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.’” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of the United States v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)(quoting Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)). “The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when ‘clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.’” Department of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 528 (1988). “Any doubt concerning personnel being considered for access to classified information will be resolved in favor of the national security.” Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 2(b). The Appeal Board may reverse the Judge’s decision to grant, deny, or revoke a security clearance if it is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. Directive ¶¶ E3.1.32.3 and E3.1.33.3. There is a strong presumption against the grant or maintenance of a security clearance. See Dorfmont v. Brown, 913 F. 2d 1399, 1401 (9th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 499 U.S. 905 (1991). After the Government presents evidence raising security concerns, the burden shifts to the applicant to 3 Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 7(a) states, “contact with a foreign family member, business or professional associate, friend, or other person who is a citizen of or resident in a foreign country if that contact creates a heightened risk of foreign exploitation, inducement, manipulation, pressure, or coercion[.]” 4 Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 7(b) states, “connections to a foreign person, group, government, or country that create a potential conflict of interest between the individual’s obligations to protect sensitive information or technology and the individual’s desire to help a foreign person, group, or country by providing that information[.]” 5 Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 7(d) states, “sharing living quarters with a person or persons, regardless of citizenship status, if that relationship creates a heightened risk of foreign inducement, manipulation, pressure, or coercion[.]” 6 Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 8(b) states, “there is no conflict of interest, either because the individual’s sense of loyalty or obligation to the foreign person, group, government, or country is so minimal, or the individual has such deep and longstanding relationships and loyalties in the U.S., that the individual can be expected to resolve any conflict of interest in favor of the U.S. interest[.]” 7 Decision at 7. rebut or mitigate those concerns. See Directive ¶ E3.1.15. “The application of disqualifying and mitigating conditions and whole-person factors does not turn simply on a finding that one or more of them apply to the particular facts of a case. Rather, their application requires the exercise of sound discretion in light of the record evidence as a whole.” See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 05-03635 at 3 (App. Bd. Dec. 20, 2006). In deciding whether the Judge’s rulings or conclusions are erroneous, we will review the Judge’s decision to determine whether: it does not examine relevant evidence; it fails to articulate a satisfactory explanation for its conclusions, including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made; it does not consider relevant factors; it reflects a clear error of judgment; it fails to consider an important aspect of the case; it offers an explanation for the decision that runs contrary to the record evidence; or it is so implausible that it cannot be ascribed to a mere difference of opinion. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 14-02563 at 3 (App. Bd. Aug. 28, 2015). Applicant contends the Judge committed harmful error in her whole-person analysis. Specifically, he argues that there is no evidence in the record supporting the Judge’s “whole-person assessment of poor judgment, untrustworthiness, unreliability, a lack of candor, and unwillingness to comply with rules and regulations, and/or other characteristics indicating that the person may not properly safeguard classified information.” In the appeal brief, Applicant points to numerous reference letters offered into evidence as well as the testimony of a supervisor that attest to his good character and professionalism. The substance of the reference letters and the supervisor’s testimony was not addressed in the Judge’s decision. Based on our review of the record, we found no evidence supporting the negative comments in the Judge’s whole-person assessment.8 Accordingly, we find the Judge committed harmful error by making a whole-person assessment that runs contrary to the record evidence.9 Applicant also contends that the Judge did not address mitigating condition 8(a)10 in her decision. Based on the record evidence, we agree with Applicant’s contention mitigating condition 8(a) should have been analyzed in this case. Applicant raised other appeal issues, but it would be premature to address those other issues at this time. Applicant has demonstrated error that warrants remand. Pursuant to Directive ¶ E3.1.33.2., the Board remands the case to the Administrative Judge for the issuance of a new decision that corrects the errors identified above. 8 In his closing statement, Department Counsel referred to Applicant as “a young man of integrity.” 9 We note that the Judge has used the same language in another case (ISCR Case No. 15-04340 at 2-3 (App. Bd. Jan. 30, 2017)) where there was no evidence to support an adverse conclusion regarding Applicant’s candor. 10 Directive, Enclosure 2 ¶ 8(a) states, “ the nature of the relationship with foreign persons, the country in which these persons are located, or the positions or activities of those persons in that country are such that it is unlikely the individual will be placed in a position of having to choose between the interests of a foreign individual, group, organization, or government and the interests of the U.S.[.]”

ORDER

The Decision is REMANDED. Signed: Michael Ra’anan Michael Ra’anan Administrative Judge Chairperson, Appeal Board Signed: James E. Moody James E. Moody Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board Signed: James F. Duffy James F. Duffy Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board