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ISCR Case 06-25928.a1 — CASE

ISCR Case 06-25928.a1unknown

Case Headnote

ISCR Case No. 06-25928.a1

Apr 9, 2008· Hon. Michael Y. Ra'anan· appeal

Summary

This case involves a U.S. citizen born in Ecuador, whose security clearance application raised concerns under Guideline B (Foreign Influence) and Guideline C (Foreign Preference). The primary issues stemmed from the applicant's extensive family ties in Ecuador, including relatives with connections to the Ecuadorian military, which were identified as disqualifying conditions under Guideline B.

However, the Board determined that the Judge had not adequately considered mitigating evidence presented by the applicant. Specifically, the applicant had made significant contributions to U.S. national security, which should have been weighed more thoroughly against the foreign influence concerns.

As a result, the Board remanded the case for further review, instructing that the mitigating evidence regarding the applicant's contributions to U.S. national security be given proper consideration. Therefore, no final security clearance decision has been reached at this stage.

Conditions Referenced

Disqualifying

AG BraisedForeign Influence

Mitigating

AG CappliedForeign Preference

Key Rule Quoted

“Once a concern arises regarding an Applicant’s security clearance eligibility, there is a strong presumption against the grant or maintenance of a security clearance.”
— Dorfmont v. Brown, 913 F. 2d 1399, 1401 (9th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 499 U.S. 905 (1991)

Procedural Posture

SOR issuedJun 4, 2007
Answer filed—
Hearing heldNov 20, 2007
Decision dateApr 9, 2008Remanded for further consideration.

Cite For

Remand for Inadequate Discussion of Mitigating Evidence
Consideration of Family Ties Under Guideline B
Significant Contributions to National Security as a Mitigating Factor

Editorial summary generated for research. Not legal advice; not a prediction. Verify against the full decision before relying on any quoted language.

Appeal at a glance· Full written decision

Remanded

The appeal involved an applicant seeking a security clearance who was denied by an Administrative Judge based on security concerns under Guidelines B and C. The applicant argued that the Judge's findings were not supported by substantial evidence and that the adverse decision was not sustainable. The Board remanded the case for the Judge to issue a new decision that adequately discusses the mitigating evidence in light of prior precedents.

Appealed bythe applicant

Applicant representationPro se (self-represented)

Judge belowJuan J. Rivera — denied the clearance

Decided ona hearing

Guidelines belowGuideline BGuideline C

What the Board reviewed

Judge mis-weighed or ignored evidence — raised by the applicantError sustained
The Judge did not adequately discuss significant mitigating evidence in light of prior precedents.

Error found, but harmless. The Board agreed the judge made a mistake but affirmed anyway, because it did not change the outcome.

Why the Board ruled this way

The Board found that the Judge did not adequately discuss significant mitigating evidence and remanded the case for further consideration.

Ignored material evidence

On remand, the judge must

The Judge must issue a new decision discussing whether Applicant’s circumstances fall within the relevant precedents and to what extent.

Standard of review applied

Harmful-error gatekeeperSubstantial-evidence reviewArbitrary-and-capricious reviewProcedural complianceNo de-novo re-decisionNo new evidence on appeal

Appeal Board panel

Michael Y. Ra’anan — Chair
William S. Fields
James E. Moody

Descriptive structured reading of this decided, public Appeal Board decision — what the case says, not a prediction or advice.

Full decision

The complete, official text — footnotes and signatures included — is in the original PDF.

Decision text, by section

DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

APPEAL

SYNOPSIS

KEYWORD: Guideline C; Guideline B DIGEST: The Board concludes that the Judge did not adequately discuss significant mitigating evidence in light of prior precedents. Adverse decision remanded. CASENO: 06-25928.a1 DATE: 04/09/2008 DATE: April 9, 2008 In Re: -------- Applicant for Security Clearance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 06-25928

APPEAL BOARD DECISION

APPEARANCES

FOR GOVERNMENT James B. Norman, Esq., Chief Department Counsel FOR APPLICANT Pro Se The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) declined to grant Applicant a security clearance. On June 4, 2007, DOHA issued a statement of reasons (SOR) advising Applicant of the basis for that decision–security concerns raised under Guideline C (Foreign Preference) and The Judge’s favorable decision under Guideline C and under SOR paragraphs 2(d), 2 (r) and 2(s) is not at issue in this appeal. The Board construes the Judge’s decision as concluding that Applicant’s ties to the country he works in are not of security concern. Guideline B (Foreign Influence) of Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 (Jan. 2, 1992, as amended) (Directive). Applicant requested a hearing. On November 20, 2007, after the hearing, Administrative Judge Juan J. Rivera denied Applicant’s request for a security clearance. Applicant filed a timely appeal pursuant to Directive ¶¶ E3.1.28 and E3.1.30. Applicant raised the following issues on appeal: whether certain of the Judge’s findings were supported by substantial evidence; and whether the Judge’s adverse security clearance decision is sustainable. We remand the case to the Judge for the issuance of a new decision. Whether the Record Supports the Judge’s Factual Findings A. Facts The Judge made the following sustainable findings of fact: Applicant works for a defense contractor abroad. He was born and raised in Ecuador and became a U.S. citizen in the early 2000s. His wife is a citizen of Ecuador and currently resides with him in another country. He has children who are Ecuadorian citizens or U.S. citizens or duel citizens of those countries. Those children reside with their parents. Applicant has immediate family members and in-laws who are citizens and residents of Ecuador. He has an in-law who is a member of the Ecuadorian military. He also has a friend who is a member of the Ecuadorian military. They contact each other by e-mail approximately once every three months. He has a number of uncles and aunts who are citizens and residents of Ecuador. Applicant and/or his wife own real estate in the country he works and have bank accounts in that country and in Ecuador. Applicant’s financial ties in the country he works are due only to the fact that he works there. He has substantial financial ties or property in the U.S. Ecuador is a constitutional republic that respects human rights and maintains close ties with the United States.2 The Appeal Board’s review of the Judge’s findings of facts is limited to determining if they are supported by substantial evidence–“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion in light of all the contrary evidence in the record.” Directive ¶ E3.1.32.1. “This is something less than the weight of the evidence, and the possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency’s finding from being supported by substantial evidence.” Consolo v. Federal Maritime Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620-21 (1966). In evaluating the Judge’s findings, we are required to give deference to the Judge’s credibility determinations. Directive ¶ E3.1.32.1. As stated above, Applicant contends that certain of the Judge’s findings of fact are not based upon substantial record evidence. Having reviewed the record as a whole, the Board resolves this issue adversely to Applicant. To the extent that the Judge’s findings of fact contain error, it is harmless. See ISCR Case No. 01-23362 at (App. Bd. Jun. 5, 2006). Whether the Record Supports the Judge’s Ultimate Conclusions A Judge is required to “examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for” the decision, “including a ‘rational connection between the facts found and the choices made.’” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of the United States v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)(quoting Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)). “The general standard is that a clearance may be granted only when ‘clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.’” Department of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 528 (1988). The Appeal Board may reverse the Judge’s decision to grant, deny, or revoke a security clearance if it is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. Directive ¶¶ E3.1.32.3 and E3.1.33.3. Once a concern arises regarding an Applicant’s security clearance eligibility, there is a strong presumption against the grant or maintenance of a security clearance. See Dorfmont v. Brown, 913 F. 2d 1399, 1401 (9 Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 499 U.S. 905 (1991). After the government presents th evidence raising security concerns, the burden shifts to the applicant to establish any appropriate mitigating conditions. See Directive ¶ E3.1.15. “The application of disqualifying and mitigating conditions and whole person factors does not turn simply on a finding that one or more of them apply to the particular facts of a case. Rather, their application requires the exercise of sound discretion in light of the record evidence as a whole.” See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 05-03635 at 3 (App. Bd. Dec. 20, 2006). In deciding whether the Judge's rulings or conclusions are arbitrary or capricious, the Board will review the Judge's decision to determine whether: it does not examine relevant evidence; it fails to articulate a satisfactory explanation for its conclusions, including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made; it does not consider relevant factors; it reflects a clear error of judgment; it fails to consider an important aspect of the case; it offers an explanation for the decision that runs contrary to the record evidence; or it is so implausible that it cannot be ascribed to a mere difference of opinion. In deciding whether the Judge's rulings or conclusions are contrary to law, the Board will consider whether they are contrary to provisions of Executive Order 10865, the Directive, or other applicable federal law. See ISCR Case No. 03-22861 at 2-3 (App. Bd. Jun. 2, 2006). In analyzing Applicant’s case, the Judge took into account his ties to the United States and other matters Applicant submitted in his own behalf but concluded that, given Applicant’s extensive family ties to Ecuador, his connection to members of the Ecuadorian military, and the dangers inherent in the region, Applicant had not met his burden of persuasion as to mitigation. After Applicant Exhibit (AE) 1at 3. (Letter from Program Manager, dated Oct. 12, 2007.) AE 1 at 5. AE 1 at 7. reviewing the record, the Board concludes that the Judge’s analysis in that regard did not adequately discuss significant mitigating evidence, in light of prior precedents and Applicant’s burden of persuasion in the case. As a general rule, an applicant’s prior history of complying with security procedures and regulations is considered to be of relatively low probative value for the purposes of refuting, mitigating, or extenuating the security concerns raised by that applicant’s more immediate disqualifying conduct or circumstances. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 01-03357 at 4 (App. Bd. Dec. 13, 2005); ISCR Case No. 02-10113 at 5 (App. Bd. Mar. 25, 2005); ISCR Case No. 03-10955 at 2-3 (App. Bd. May 30, 2006). However, the Board has recognized an exception to that general rule in Guideline B cases, where the applicant has established by credible, independent evidence that his compliance with security procedures and regulations occurred in the context of dangerous, high-risk circumstances in which the applicant had made a significant contribution to the national security. See, e.g., ISCR Case No. 04-12363 at 2 (App. Bd. July 14, 2006); ISCR Case No. 05-03846 at 6 (App. Bd. Nov. 14, 2006); ISCR Case No. 07-00034 at 3 (App. Bd. Feb. 5, 2008). The presence of such circumstances can give credibility to an applicant’s assertion that he can be relied upon to recognize, resist, and report attempts at coercion or exploitation. Id. Here, the record contained statements from several officials of another government agency referencing the significant and dangerous work done on behalf of the U.S. by Applicant. One statement commended Applicant for his work “in a position of trust while performing critical counter . . . operations in . . .” Another, stated that Applicant “has demonstrated unswerving dedication to . . . the mission of [the other government agency] and the United States . . . in the war on . . . [Applicant] literally make[s] life and death decisions [during every mission].” Yet another commends Applicant for serving the U.S. at the risk of his own personal safety. Those statements are consistent with the Judge’s findings about the danger posed to American citizens abroad. They demonstrate that Applicant has repeatedly been willing to assume a high level of risk on behalf of the U.S., and they constitute important evidence that Applicant’s ties and sense of obligation to the U.S. could be sufficiently strong that he “[could] be expected to resolve any conflict of interest in favor of the U.S. . .” Directive ¶ E2.8(b). See ISCR Case No. 05-03846 at 6 (App. Bd. Nov. 14, 2006.) (Applicant’s work as an interpreter in Afghanistan occurred “in the context of dangerous, high-risk circumstances in which [he] made a significant contribution to the national security.”) See also ISCR Case No. 04-12363 (App. Bd. Jul. 14, 2006); ISCR Case No. 07-00034 (App. Bd. Feb. 5, 2008). Accordingly, the case is remanded to the Judge for the issuance of a new decision which discusses whether or not Applicant’s circumstances fall within the above precedents, and if so, to what extent. On remand, the Judge is permitted to reopen the record on the motion of either party.

ORDER

The Judge’s adverse security clearance decision is REMANDED. Signed: Michael Y. Ra’anan Michael Y. Ra’anan Administrative Judge Chairman, Appeal Board Signed: William S. Fields William S. Fields Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board Signed: James E. Moody James E. Moody Administrative Judge Member, Appeal Board