ISCR Case No. 24-01004

______________ ______________ DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFENSE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS In the matter of: ) ) ) ISCR Case No. 24-01004 ) Applicant for Security Clearance ) Appearances For Government: George Hawkins, Esquire, Department Counsel For Applicant: Alan Edmunds, Esquire 03/11/2025

CEFOLA, Richard A., Administrative Judge: Statement of the Case On October 23, 2018, and again on September 20, 2023, Applicant submitted security clearance applications (SF-86s). On August 27, 2024, in accordance with DoD Directive 5220.6, as amended (Directive), the Department of Defense issued Applicant a Statement of Reasons (SOR) alleging facts that raise security concerns under Guidelines H and E. The action was taken under Executive Order (EO) 10865, Safeguarding Classified Information Within Industry (February 20, 1960), as amended; Department of Defense Directive 5220.6, Defense Industrial Personnel Security Clearance Review Program (January 2, 1992), as amended (Directive); and the adjudicative guidelines (AG) effective within the Department of Defense on June 8, 2017.

Applicant answered the SOR in writing (Answer) on October 3, 2024, and requested a hearing before an administrative judge. The case was assigned to me on January 29, 2025. The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) issued a Notice of Hearing on February 5, 2025. I convened the hearing as scheduled on February 18, 2025. The Government offered Government Exhibits 1 through 4, which were admitted without objection. Applicant testified on his own behalf and presented Applicant Exhibits (AppXs) A through R, which were admitted without objection. DOHA received the transcript of the hearing (TR) on March 3, 2025. The record was left open until February 26, 2025, for the receipt of additional evidence, however, Applicant submitted nothing further. The record closed at that time.

Applicant admitted to the allegations in SOR ¶¶ 1.a~1.d. and 2.b. He denied SOR allegation ¶ 2.a. After a thorough and careful review of the pleadings, exhibits, and testimony, I make the following findings of fact. Applicant is a 28-year-old employee of a defense contractor. He has a master’s degree and has been employed with the defense contractor since September 2019. He has held a security clearance since February 2019. He is not married, and has no children. (TR at page 6 lines 8–24, at page 14 line 23 to page 16 line 18, and GX 1 at page 36.) Guideline H - Drug Involvement and Substance Misuse 1.a, 1.b. and 2.b. Applicant used marijuana with varying frequency from about 2014–2017. He also used marijuana once, in 2021, while holding a security clearance. (TR at page 18 line 19 to page 20 line 7, at page 21 lines 1–4, at page 37 line 24 to page 38 line 2, and at page 40 line 22 to page 41 line 22.) Applicant has submitted a Statement of Intent against any future drug involvement and substance misuse, and submitted the results of two negative drug tests in September and December of 2024. (AppXs A, B and N.) 1.c, 1.d. and 2.b. Applicant used the prescription medication Adderall, that was not prescribed to him, with varying frequency from about 2015–2016. He also used Adderall once, in 2022, while holding a security clearance. (TR at page 20 line 8 to page 21 line 9, and at page 38 line 22 to page 39 line 15.) Applicant has submitted a Statement of Intent

against any future drug involvement and substance misuse, and submitted the results of two negative drug tests in September and December of 2024. (AppXs A, B and N.) Guideline E - Personal Conduct 2.a. Applicant answered “No” to “Section 23 – Illegal Use of Drugs or Drug Activity Misuse of Prescription Drugs In the Last seven (7) years (Emphasis supplied)” on his October 2018 SF-86. (GX 2 at page 34.) Applicant avers that “It was so long ago that I had forgotten the use.” He corrected this oversight during his January 2024 response to Government Interrogatories. (TR at page 21 lines 18–21, and GX 3 at pages 5 and 6.) Not alleged; but in evidence, he also answered “No” to “Section 23 – Illegal Use of Drugs or Drug Activity Misuse of Prescription Drugs In the Last seven (7) years (Emphasis supplied)” on his September 2023 SF-86. (GX 1 at page 35.) Again, Applicant avers that “It was so long ago that I had forgotten the use.” He also corrected this oversight during his January 2024 response to Government Interrogatories. (TR at page 21 lines 18–21, and GX 3 at pages 5 and 6.) Applicant has submitted six letters in support of his character, from those who know Applicant in the workplace and in his community. (AppXs H~L.)

When evaluating an applicant’s suitability for national security eligibility, the administrative judge must consider the adjudicative guidelines. In addition to brief introductory explanations for each guideline, the adjudicative guidelines (AG) list potentially disqualifying conditions and mitigating conditions, which are to be used in evaluating an applicant’s national security eligibility. These guidelines are not inflexible rules of law. Instead, recognizing the complexities of human behavior, these guidelines are applied in conjunction with the factors listed in AG ¶ 2 describing the adjudicative process. The administrative judge’s overarching adjudicative goal is a fair, impartial, and commonsense decision. The entire process is a conscientious scrutiny of applicable guidelines in the context of a number of variables known as the whole-person concept. The administrative judge must consider all available, reliable information about the person, past and present, favorable and unfavorable, in making a decision. The protection of the national security is the paramount consideration. AG ¶ 2(b) requires that “[a]ny doubt concerning personnel being considered for national security eligibility will be resolved in favor of the national security.” In reaching this decision, I have drawn only those conclusions that are reasonable, logical, and based on the evidence

contained in the record. I have not drawn inferences based on mere speculation or conjecture. Directive ¶ E3.1.14, requires the Government to present evidence to establish controverted facts alleged in the SOR. Under Directive ¶ E3.1.15, an “applicant is responsible for presenting witnesses and other evidence to rebut, explain, extenuate, or mitigate facts admitted by the applicant or proven by Department Counsel, and has the ultimate burden of persuasion as to obtaining a favorable clearance decision.” A person applying for national security eligibility seeks to enter into a fiduciary relationship with the Government predicated upon trust and confidence. This relationship transcends normal duty hours and endures throughout off-duty hours. The Government reposes a high degree of trust and confidence in individuals to whom it grants national security eligibility. Decisions include, by necessity, consideration of the possible risk the applicant may deliberately or inadvertently fail to protect, or safeguard classified information. Such decisions entail a certain degree of legally permissible extrapolation as to potential, rather than actual, risk of compromise of classified or sensitive information. Finally, as emphasized in Section 7 of Executive Order 10865, “[a]ny determination under this order adverse to an applicant shall be a determination in terms of the national interest and shall in no sense be a determination as to the loyalty of the applicant concerned.” See also Executive Order 12968, Section 3.1(b) (listing multiple prerequisites for access to classified or sensitive information.)

Guideline H - Drug Involvement and Substance Misuse The security concern relating to the guideline Drug Involvement and Substance Misuse is set forth at AG ¶ 24: The illegal use of controlled substances, to include the misuse of prescription and non-prescription drugs, and the use of other substances that cause physical or mental impairment or are used in a manner inconsistent with their intended purpose can raise questions about an individual's reliability and trustworthiness, both because such behavior may lead to physical or psychological impairment and because it raises questions about a person's ability or willingness to comply with laws, rules, and regulations. Controlled substance means any "controlled substance" as defined in 21 U.S.C. 802. Substance misuse is the generic term adopted in this guideline to describe any of the behaviors listed above.

The guideline at AG ¶ 25 contains seven conditions that could raise a security concern and may be disqualifying. Three conditions are established: (a) any substance misuse (see above definition); (c) illegal possession of a controlled substance, including cultivation, processing, manufacture, purchase, sale, or distribution; or possession of drug paraphernalia; and (f) any illegal drug use while granted access to classified information or holding a sensitive position. Appellant smoked marijuana once in 2021, and used Adderall, not prescribed to him, once in 2022. He had a security clearance for his job at that time. Therefore, AG ¶ 25 (a), (c), and (f) are established. The guideline at AG ¶ 26 contains four conditions that could mitigate security concerns. Two conditions may be applicable: (a) the behavior happened so long ago, was so infrequent, or happened under such circumstances that it is unlikely to recur or does not cast doubt on the individual's current reliability, trustworthiness, or good judgment; and (b) the individual acknowledges his or her drug involvement and substance misuse, provides evidence of actions taken to overcome this problem, and has established a pattern of abstinence, including, but not limited to: (1) disassociation from drug-using associates and contacts; (2) changing or avoiding the environment where drugs were used; and (3) providing a signed statement of intent to abstain from all drug involvement and substance misuse, acknowledging that any future involvement or misuse is grounds for revocation of national security eligibility. While the vast majority of Applicant’s drug involvement is in the distant past, he did more recently use both marijuana and non-prescribed Adderall after having been granted a security clearance. However, it appears that the only way the Government was aware of this more recent usage was due to Applicant’s self-reporting. (TR at page 21

line 18 to page 22 line 5, and at page 28 line 24 to page 30 line 4.) He has also signed a letter of intent against any future drug involvement. Those who know Applicant also support his being truthful. (AppXs H~L.) Drug Involvement and Substance Misuse is found for Applicant. Guideline E - Personal Conduct The security concern relating to the guideline for Personal Conduct is set out in AG ¶ 15: Conduct involving questionable judgment, lack of candor, dishonesty, or unwillingness to comply with rules and regulations can raise questions about an individual's reliability, trustworthiness, and ability to protect classified or sensitive information. Of special interest is any failure to cooperate or provide truthful and candid answers during national security investigative or adjudicative processes. The following will normally result in an unfavorable national security eligibility determination, security clearance action, or cancellation of further processing for national security eligibility: (a) refusal, or failure without reasonable cause, to undergo or cooperate with security processing, including but not limited to meeting with a security investigator for subject interview, completing security forms or releases, cooperation with medical or psychological evaluation, or polygraph examination, if authorized and required; and (b) refusal to provide full, frank, and truthful answers to lawful questions of investigators, security officials, or other official representatives in connection with a personnel security or trustworthiness determination. The guideline notes several conditions that could raise security concerns under AG ¶ 16. One is potentially applicable in this case: (a) deliberate omission, concealment, or falsification of relevant facts from any personnel security questionnaire, personal history statement, or similar form used to conduct investigations, determine employment qualifications, award benefits or status, determine national security eligibility or trustworthiness, or award fiduciary responsibilities.

Applicant did not disclose his Adderall usage on his SF-86s. The evidence is sufficient to raise these disqualifying conditions. AG ¶ 17 provides conditions that could mitigate security concerns. I considered all of the mitigating conditions under AG ¶ 17 including: (a) the individual made prompt, good-faith efforts to correct the omission, concealment, or falsification before being confronted with the facts. Applicant had forgotten about his misuse of the prescription drug Adderall; but before being confronted, he admitted his usage. Had he not come forward as to its usage, it is unclear if the Government would have ever known about it. Personal Conduct is found for Applicant.

Under the whole-person concept, the administrative judge must evaluate an applicant’s national security eligibility by considering the totality of the applicant’s conduct and all relevant circumstances. The administrative judge should consider the nine adjudicative process factors listed at AG ¶ 2(d): (1) the nature, extent, and seriousness of the conduct; (2) the circumstances surrounding the conduct, to include knowledgeable participation; (3) the frequency and recency of the conduct; (4) the individual’s age and maturity at the time of the conduct; (5) the extent to which participation is voluntary; (6) the presence or absence of rehabilitation and other permanent behavioral changes; (7) the motivation for the conduct; (8) the potential for pressure, coercion, exploitation, or duress; and (9) the likelihood of continuation or recurrence. According to AG ¶ 2(c), the ultimate determination of whether to grant national security eligibility must be an overall commonsense judgment based upon careful consideration of the applicable guidelines and the whole-person concept. I considered the potentially disqualifying and mitigating conditions in light of all facts and circumstances surrounding this case. I have incorporated my comments under Guidelines H and E in my whole-person analysis. Some of the factors in AG ¶ 2(d) were addressed under those guidelines, but some warrant additional comment. Applicant has a distinguished history of working in the defense industry. He performs well at his job.

________________________ Overall, the record evidence leaves me without questions or doubts as to Applicant’s eligibility and suitability for a security clearance. For all these reasons, I conclude Applicant mitigated the Drug Involvement and Substance Misuse, and Personal Conduct security concerns.

Formal findings for or against Applicant on the allegations set forth in the SOR, as required by ¶ E3.1.25 of the Directive, are: Paragraph 1, Guideline H: FOR APPLICANT Subparagraphs 1.a~1.d: For Applicant Paragraph 2, Guideline E: FOR APPLICANT Subparagraph 2.a. and 2.b: For Applicant

In light of all of the circumstances presented by the record in this case, it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant Applicant eligibility for a security clearance. Eligibility for access to classified information is granted. Richard A. Cefola Administrative Judge